Endodontics
The diameter of dentinal tubules at the inner surface of the dentin is:?
1-1.5 m
1.5-2 m
2-2.5 m
2.5-3 m
In the peripheral dentin, the number of dentinal tubules is about:
10000/ mm2
20000/ mm2
1000/ mm2
2000/ mm2
At the inner surface of the dentin, the number of dentinal tubules is:
50/ mm2
500/ mm2
5000/ mm2
50000/ mm2
Which of the following may not be found in dentinal tubules?
Tissue fluid
Odontoblastic process
Collagen fibers
Elastic Fibers
Decreased size of pulp chamber and root canals of aged teeth is due to:
Primary dentin
Secondary dentin
Peritubular dentin
Mantle dentin
With increasing age, dentinal tubules:
Remain the same
Increasingly become larger
Increasingly become obliterated
May either remain the same or become larger
Which cells form dentin?
Dentritic cells
Odontoblasts
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Which are the most numerous cells in the pulp?
Odontoblasts
Preodontoblasts
Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal stem cells
Which cells produce collagen and ground substance of the pulp tissue?
Odontoblasts
Preodontoblasts
Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal stem cells
Which cells serve as reserve cells in the pulp tissue?
Odontoblasts
Fibroblasts
Undifferentiated cells
Osteoblasts
Which of the following cells are not found in the pulp tissue?
Ameloblasts
Odontoblasts
Vascular and neural cells
Cells of immune system
Fibers in the pulp tissue are mainly:
Collagen
Elastic fibers
Both collagen and elastic fibers equally
Other types of fiber neither collagen nor elastic fibers
How many types do pulp stone have?
1
2
3
4
Pulp stones are most often seen in:
Aged pulp or chronically inflamed pulp
Young pulp or chronically inflamed pulp
Aged pulp or acute inflamed pulp
Young pulp or acute inflamed pulp
The clinical implication of pulp stones is:
The larger the pulp stone, the more painful the tooth will become
The larger the pulp stone, the more likely it may block access to canals or the root apex
Nothing
The presence of pulp stones helps clinicians in making an accurate diagnosis.
The most extensive branching of the blood vessels occurs in which part of the pulp tissue?
Centre of the pulp
In the root canal
Near the apex
In the subodontoblastic layer
The innervation of the pulp tissue consists of:
A-fibers and C-fibers
A-fibers and B-fibers
B-fibers and C-fibers
C-fibers and D-fibers
The majority of the pulp nerves are:
A-fibers
B-fibers
C-fibers
D-fibers
The plexus of Raschkow is located:
Beneath the cell-free zone
Beneath the cell-rich zone
In the center of the pulp chamber
Beneath the odontoblast layer
Which of the following statements is not correct about the age changes in the dental pulp?
The odontoblastic layer becomes reduced or missing
Fibrosis is common
Pulp stones decrease
Number of cells is reduced
What does CDJ stands for?
Cementodentinal junction
Cervicodentinal junction
Cementodentinal joint
Cervicodentinal joint
Disparities between the radiographic apex and the apical foramen, and also a funnel-shaped opening to the foramen are due to:
Deposition of dentin
Deposition of cementum
Deposition of alveolar bone
Deposition of periodontal ligament
Cementum cannot be resorbed by:
Orthodontic movement
Inflammatory lesions in periodontal ligament
Idiopathic resorption
Tooth drifting
Which cell type is the source of radicular cyst formation?
Periodontal ligament cells
Cementoblasts
Fibroblasts
Epithelial cell rests of Malassez
Which bone lines the socket of the tooth?
Cortical bone
Mylohyoid bone
Alveolar bone
Ramus
Lamina dura is:
A radiopaque narrow zone lining the socket of the tooth seen radiographically
A radiolucent narrow zone lining the socket of the tooth seen radiographically
A radiopaque narrow zone surrounding the apex of the tooth seen radiographically
A radiolucent narrow zone surrounding the apex of the tooth seen radiographically
The absence of lamina dura is usually indicative of:
Periradicular inflammation
Pulp inflammation
Root resorption
Resorption of cementum
What are the responses of the pulp tissue to non-destructive stimuli?
Minute and rapid movement of dentinal fluid
Minute and slow movement of dentinal fluid
No response
Huge amount and rapid movement of dentinal fluid
Which of the following stimuli can be considered as non-destructive?
Pulp exposure due to operative procedure
Dental caries
Limited elastic deformation of dentin due to a sudden heavy load on the tooth
Traumatic injuries
Which of the following is not one of the protective mechanisms of the pulp tissue to non-destructive stimuli?
Reflex withdrawal
Pain
Increase in local blood flow
Edema formation
Which are the characteristics that make the pulp tissue different from other soft connective tissues in the human body?
Encased within hard-tissue walls but rich of collateral blood supply
Encased within hard-tissue walls and lack of collateral blood supply
Not encased within hard-tissue walls and rich of collateral blood supply
Not encased within hard-tissue walls but lack of collateral blood supply
How does the pulp tissue initially react to irritants?
With local inflammation in the area subjected to the irritants
With the inflammation throughout the pulp
With total pulp necrosis
With partial pulp necrosis
Which of the following is not one of the etiologies of pulpitis?
Microbial factors
Traumatic injuries
Iatrogenic factors
Hygienic factors
How do bacteria and their byproducts usually reach the pulp?
When the pulp is exposed by caries
Through the dentinal tubules
Through the cracks
When the pulp is exposed by traumatic injuries
Which dentin plays a role in creating the sclerosis of the dentinal tubules?
Secondary dentin
Primary dentin
Peritubular dentin
Intratubular dentin
Exposed dentin is not caused by:
Cracks
Periodontal treatment
Erosion
Enamel hypoplasia
The inflammatory reaction of the pulp tissue to exposed dentin is:
Mild and will not usually lead to pulpal necrosis.
Mild but will usually lead to pulpal necrosis.
Severe but will not usually lead to pulpal necrosis.
Severe and will usually lead to pulpal necrosis
Which of the following types of traumatic injuries will not usually result in infectious inflammation of the pulp?
Complicated crown fracture
Root-fractured teeth where the fracture line is in communication with oral cavity
True-alveolar fracture with no displacement of the coronal fragment
Luxated teeth
Which restorative procedure is not likely to irritate the pulp?
Marginal leakage
Preparation trauma due to dehydration of the dentin
Cleansing cavity with air-water spray
Effect of restorative material
How can oral and maxillofacial surgery cause pulp injury and necrosis?
By severing or interrupting blood vessel to the pulp.
By using local anesthetic containing high concentrations of epinephrine.
By flap elevation
By intrasulcular incision
The end result of pulp polyp is:?
Self-repair and become normal pulp
Pulp necrosis
Remains as pulp polyp
Just chronic inflamed pulp and never develop to pulp necrosis
Which is the initial phase of pulpitis pathogenesis?
Neutrophil infiltration
Vascular phase
Lymphocyte involvement
Spreading of the inflammation
Liquefaction necrosis is caused by:
Chemical agent
Infectious agent
Loss of blood supply
Mechanical removal of the pulp tissue, I.e. Pulp extirpation
Ischemic necrosis is caused by:
Chemical agent
Infectious agent
Loss of blood supply
Mechanical removal of the pulp tissue, I.e. Pulp extirpation
In which condition will the repair of the pulp be likely resulting as completed regeneration?
Mild local inflammation
Moderate local inflammation
Severe inflammation
Following pulp capping procedure
Anachoresis is:
The infection via blood circulation
The Infection via accessory canals from periodontal pocket
The infection via caries
The infection via exposed dentin at the cervical area
What is the main cause of apical periodontitis?
Trauma
Iatrogenic factors
Bacterial infection
High occlusion
The bacteria involved in apical periodontitis range between:
1 to 5 species
5 to 10 species
10 to 50 species
50 to 100 species
Bacteria responsible for extraradicular infection are mainly:
Streptococcus species
Enterococcus species
Actinomyces species
Spirochete
Which is not one of the iatrogenic causes of apical periodontitis?
Over-instrumentation
Dressing medicaments
Root canal sealers
Pulp necrosis
Apical periodontitis cannot heal spontaneously if caused by:
Trauma
Over-instrumentation
Dressing medications or root canal sealers
Root canal infection
A common name of chronic apical periodontitis is:
Apical abscess
Periapical granuloma
Periapical cyst
Radicular cyst
The incident of periapical cyst is well below:
10%
20%
30%
40%
Which of the following statements is correct?
True apical cysts occur less frequently than apical pocket cysts
True apical cysts occur as frequently as apical pocket cysts
True apical cysts occur more frequently than apical pocket cysts
Apical pocket cysts occur more frequently than true apical cyst.
Which statement is not true about true apical cysts?
True apical cysts are not likely to heal by orthograde root canal treatment
True apical cysts are completely enclosed in epithelial lining
True apical cysts have an opening to the root canal
True apical cysts occur more frequently than apical pocket cysts
Which statement is not true about apical pocket cysts?
Apical pocket cysts are likely to heal following orthograde root canal treatment
Apical pocket cysts are completely enclosed in epithelial lining
Apical pocket cysts have an opening to the root canal
Apical pocket cysts occur more frequently than true apical cysts
Healing of apical periodontitis may occur as scar tissue. This is particularly true in:
Young patients
Female patients
Adult patients
Elderly patients
Which of the following statements is true?
Apical periodontitis always appears as periapical radiolucencies
Granuloma and cyst cannot be differentiated radiographically
Granuloma and cyst cannot be differentiated histologically
CBCT cannot help differentiating between granuloma and cyst.
Which may not be a differential diagnosis of apical periodontitis as seen radiograpically?
Vertical root fracture
Periodontal disease
Tumors and cysts of the jaw.
Maxillary sinus
What is the chief complaint?
Is what observed by the clinician
Is the reason for seeking treatment
Is the diagnosis made by the clinician
Is the interpretation of data obtained from clinical signs and symptoms, radiographs and other tests
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